Heating system.



No. 880,542 I PATENTED MAR. 3. 1908. J. M. W. KITCHEN. HEATING SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED J1me. 1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

f 5% WW I To all whom it may concern:

JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

HEATING- SYSTEM.

No. sso,542.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 3, 1908.

Application filed January 9. 1907. Serial No. 351540.

Be it known that I, JOSEPH Moses WARD KITCHEN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at East Orange, in the county of Essex and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in HeatingSystems, of which the followingis a.

specification.

The object of my invention is to secure comfort and health in dwellingsand other buildings, and to decrease the cost of heating through thesaving of fuel. It affords the principal advantages of steam, hot waterand 101: air systems.

My system comprises, (first), a steam boiler designed to secure thetransmission of large volumes of the low degrees of heat usually lost inheating apparatus; (second), sectional radiators constructed to vary ina definite manner the amount of radiation from the radiating surfaces;(third), a spe cially designed and favorably located receptacle forreceiving the water of condensation of the system and for cooling thewater by conve ing the heat of the water to air passed over t eradiating surfaces of the receptacle; (fourth), a system of piping soconnected and arranged as to intercept any moisture in the steam orwater of condensation and to prevent any direct return of the same tothe boiler, but to provide for its conveyance to the speciallyconstructed receptacle for containing and cooling the water, and thenafter the cooling of the'water to convey it as feed water to the boiler;(fifth), a means for conveying fresh air to, in contact with, and overthe radiating surfaces of the water cooling receptacle; (sixth), meansfor distributing through various air conduits the air that has beenheated through the cooling of the feed Water; and (seventh), airconveying conduits and registers for introducing the air into desiredplaces for the purposes of healthful res iration and adjunct heating.

he fundamental idea of the invention is to furnisha feed waterof lowtemperature to the heating'appliance in order to absorb low degrees ofheat generated in the heating appliance and to economize the heatradiated from the feed water in its cooling.

In the drawings, Figure 1 representsin vertical elevation, with parts insection, the various elements of m invention as ordinarily installed ina mo erate sized dwelling, comprising a cellar andtwo stories. Fig. 2represents a vertical section of the steam boiler taken on the line 22Fig. 3. Fig. 3 represents a horizontal section of the boiler shown inFigs. 1 and 2, taken on the line 3-3 Fig. 2.' Fig. 4 represents on anenlarged scale a view of the up er. horizontal surface of an airdistributing device shown in Fig. 1. Parts areibroken away and parts areshown in section. Fig. 5 represents a vertical view of-a combined feedwater cooler and air heater, with the air distributing device shown inFig. 4. This drawing is on an enlarged scale from that of the samedeviceshown in Fig. 1. partly in section and shows part of a door in,place that is not shown in Fig. 1.- Fig. 6 is-a sectional radiator usedin my system. Parts are broken away. and parts are in section. Thisfigure is broken in the middle to indicate that additional sections maybe inserted as concomitant parts of the radiator. Fig. 7 is an enlargedview of the moisture and the water of condensation intercepter shown in.Fig. 1.

The following reference characters indicate as follows: h

' A is a fresh air duct, A is an air inlet, A

is a swinging wind-brake, A is an air heating box or closet, A is aheated air distribute ing device, and A is a contracted air orifice. ina diaphragm for discharging air into the center of A.

A is, the handle to a revolving circular closure slide, having airapertures A istering with the'inlets to air conduits A is an airregister, A is a circular closure slide, and A are air-slide apertures.

' B represents a steam boiler, B is an aperture for the entrance of airfor combustion, B is a handle to a .draft slide PUB is an air spacedividing the combustion chamber Part C of the boiler B from the heatingcavity C, B is an air aperture for the introduction of over fire air forcombustion, B is a waste gas exit at a high level, and B is a lowlevel'gas exit.

It is partly broken away and is C is-a chimney C is the chimney fi-ueclean out door, C is a combustion chamber, C? is a heat economizingcavity.

D is a damper, D is a door. F is a steam main, F is a pressure draftregulator. F is a device for preventing the water of condensation andpriming mois-- ture from running directly back to the boileryF is a pi efor gravitating hot water to the water cooler and air heater R, F is avertically disposed pipe for preventing the crease th e temperature ofthe air heated by that radiator.

G is a grate, and G represents grate-bar shafts. H is a horizontallydisposed steam conduit or base-member of a section in the sectionalradiator R.

N is a screw nipple, N is a screw-nipple com risin a valve seat, N is ascrew-nipple whic with others of like size unite the bottom parts of thecoils they assemble with, making a secondary horizontally disposed steamconduit lying above the conduit H.

P is a bed plate containing air slots, and Y is a sliding plate With airslots re istering with the slots in P when the ban le B is pulled out.

B is a sectional radiator, R is a rece tacle and radiator for holdingwater of con ensation and heating air, and R a section of the radiatorR.

V is a valve-wheel for controlling the closure of the valve-parts V andV in the screw-nipple N, V is a valve for entirely shutting off steamfrom the radiator R, V is a combined packing-com ressorand catchcup for.steam or water eakages, V is a stufling box, V is a compression screw, Vis a valve stem extending through the interior of. the central coil ofthe radiator-section from the top of thecoil to the valve seat in N andV is a valve seat.

To secure the most effective working of my heating system it isdesirable to have in it a steam boiler'through which the heating gasesand the feed water travel in reverse currents, and that the feed waterbe of a relatively cool temperature. These provisions allow for thepresence of a temperature in the water in apart of the boiler oi" asulliciently low degree to absorb large volumes of low degrees of heatfrom the heating gases. It is also desirable to have a heat economizingcavity separated from the combustion chamber and furnace of the heaterby a heat non-conducting means, such as an air space. The boiler B shownin Figs] 1, 2 and 3 is of this type. It comprises a combustion chamber CFig. 2, having a high run i or perfecting combustion and a se arate heateconomizing cavity, Fig. 2. n this case the chamber and cavity areseparated by an air space B which prevents a lateral. transmission ofheat at a low level from the furnace of theheater The arrows in thedrawings indicate the travel taken by the air for combustion and heatingases as they pass through the ap aratus. he first application of most oft e heat generated, is made at a high level of the apparatus, and isthen applied at rogressively lower levels as the gases trave downwarthrough the heat economizing cavity C By means of the damper in theoutlet B more or less heat may be allowed to escape by direct 11 travelintothe fine of the chimney C, and t us more or less regulates theintensity of the draft. 'Coldfeed Water is introduced through the feedpipe F on each side of the bottom of the rear section of the boiler, andis heated progressively in its travel upward by passing through strataof heating gases of progressively increasing temperatures. The lowerdegrees of heat in the gasesthus finda proper temperature for theirabsorption into the water traversing the lowerlevels of the heateconomizing cavity of the boiler. This boiler is a modified form of thetype of boiler which incorporates principles in the use of which I amalready protected b several patents; and nothing specific is hereinclaimed. for it, eXce t in combination. It represents a simp e type ofsteam heater specially appropriate for'installation in small andinexpensive heating plants. It has the usual automatic means for closingor opening the ash pit door damper to maintain the special degrees ofsteam pressure that may be desired in. the boiler. There are means forintroducing an over fuel-mass air supply through thefecd door of theboiler, and through the rear section of the combustion chamber. by theslide P operated the handle B In practice the system works best when acontinuous steam pressure is maintained throughout the system. f

I now. direct attention to the means for varying the amount of radiatingsurfaces of the system to meet variations in out of door atmospheric tomperatures, and to-inect the various requirements of householdtemperatures desired.

It should be noted that in this system i provide means for harmoniouslyregulating the amount of radiating surface brought into action inproportionate relation to the amount of air introduced for purposes ofventilation and respiration, and for the heating of the air thusintroduced, With the water of condensation. The amount of heat conveyedin the water of condensation of course varies with the amount ofradiating surface in action; and the volume of air heated by the waterof condensation must hence be varied to keep the air thus introduced ata desirable tern erature.

it re resents a sectiona radiator which I prefera ly use in my system.Each radiator is composed of two or more sections. In ordinary use atleast three sections are desir- This latter supply is controlled sso,542

able to secure comfort and economy in heating. Each section is com osedof a horizonta ly disposed base-mom er or conduit H having laterallyplaced means N for connection with other sections; such means beingexemplified by screw-nipples. Provision is made at the center of theupper surface of the I near the top of which a compression screw V .islocated, connected with a handwheel above the top of the coil. A steampacking V is forced into an intimate contact with the stem V by thescrew cup V the upper cavity of which retains any small amount of waterleaking past the valve-stenr. The screwnipple V has a valve-seat Vcomprising an accurately fitting seat for the valve plug Y.Screw-nipples N allow for the lateral addition of as many coils as maybe desired on both sides ofthe central coil controlled by the specialvalve mechanism shown. This structure provides for the presence of asmany sections in a radiator as may be desired, and for any amount ofradiating surface in each of the sections. In every case the width ofthe assembled coils in one section is the same as thelength of thehorizontally disposed basemember. In assembling this sectional radiator,the vertically disposed coils are first screwed together; then theseseveral joined coils are attached .to the base-member H by means of thenipple N and finally, the cornplted sections are screwed together,formin the entire radiator.

in the heating systems commonly in use, the water of condensation fromthe radiators is allowed to run directly back into the boiler; and theconsequence is that all the water in the boiler soon becomes so heatedthat there is no water in any part of the boiler of a low chimney gases.

range'my piping so that the water of condentemperature to absorb theheat in the gases of a ower temperature than the temperature of thewater in the boiler and hence a large amount of heat is lost in passingout in the To obviate this defect I arsation is first returned to andcooled in a specially constructed water containing and air heatingradiator B In the drawings, F shows a device for preventing the water ofcondensation from'running directly back to the boiler, the steam Thisvalve may be made in sections screwed one on top of the other, whichsections are built up the highest section of this combined Water coolingradiator and air heater, and thus prevents the water in it from runningdown to a level of the water in, the boiler. Thecool feed water isconveyed through the pipes F to the feed Water openings provided at thebottom of the rear section of the boiler. Fresh air for respiratory andadjunct heating purposes enters the air inlet A, which is guarded by theswinging wind-break A, and passes through the air conduit A and upthrough the air inclosing box A, which is provided with a full widthdoor, D, Fig. 5, for securing access to the heating surfaces of theradiator'in the boXfor the purpose of cleaning them. The air afterreaching the top of the box A is passed through/thecontracted. apertureA into the center of the air distributing device A. This centering ofthe air current in the .air distributing device helps to secure anequalized distribution of a uniformly heated air through the several airconduits A. In the interior of this air distributing device is acircular revolving slide A (see ,Fig. 4) which is revolved by the handleA. This circular slide hasv air apertures A registering with the inletsto the air conduits A; and as the handle A is moved one way or theother, all of the inlets to the air conduits are more or less-closed oropened at once. When the fresh air passing through this device is toocool or too hot the circular slide is adjusted so-as to vary the volumesof the air passing through the device until the air is'heated to adesirable degree.

What I claim as new, is,

1. In a steam heating system, the combi nation of (1) a steam boiler,said boiler comprising means for absorbing large volumes of 10W degreesof heat into horizontal strata of water of lowtemperatures and forabsorbing high degrees of heat into horizontal strata of water of hightemperatures, (2 means com-' veying said Water use in said boilerthrough the heating of air for respiration, (4) means for conveying- Jand (6) means for distributing the air used in cooling the water ofcondensation to designated places for the purpose of res 'iration andadjunct heating and for control ing the amount of air thus distributed.

2. In a steam heating system, the combi- ,nation of (1) a steamgenerator comprising means for conveying to cool feed-water high heatand those low degrees of heat in the heating-gases that are ofatempe'rature below 150 F (2) means for radiating the heat generated insaid generator, and (3) means for preventing the'direct return of theWater of condensation from said means for radiating the heat and forconveying said water of condensation to a means for cooling said Water,and (4) said means comprising provision for cooling water with cool airand for utilizing said air after its heating by said Water ofcondensation and for returning said water after its cooling to saidgenerator for reheating, said combination providing a feed-water of lowtemperature capable of absorbing low degrees of heat from the heatinggases in said generator and for economizing the heat lost in coolingsaid Water inhc'ating air for respiration.

3. In a steam heating system, the combination of (1) a steam boiler, (2)steam radiators, (3) steam conduits connecting said boiler and saidradiators and comprising means for preventing priming moisture and Waterof condensation from returning directly to said boiler and providing forthe conveyance ol the water of condensation to a water vcooler and airheater, said water being cooled by transmission of its heat to aircurrents, (4) said water cooler and air heater, and (5) means forconveying said water when cooled from said water cooler and air heaterinto said boiler at a place where the heating gases traversing saidboiler have the lowest temperature.

4. .In a heating system, the combination of (1) means for heating gases,(2) means for producing steam from the heat of said gases, (3) means forproducing cool feed-Water from hot water of condensation, (4) means forheating said cool feed-water progressively with the heat in said gasesby transferring the heat progressivelycirom saidgases to said water,said gases and said water traversing said 55 boiler in counter currentsoppositely to the opposite heating surfaces of the means for efiectinthe transmission of said heat to said water, 5 for automaticallymaintaining a steam pres sure in the steam conveying conduits of saidsystem and for controlling said pressure to any desired degree. I

5. In a heating system, the combination of (1) a Water containing heatabsorbing boiler, (2) heat conveying conduits leading heat transmittedin said boiler, (4) means for intercepting and retarding the flow ofwater returning from said means for radiating the heat to said boilerand for reducing the temperature of said Water when retarded in itsreturn to said boiler by the convection of said heat to air, waterentirely devoidof the heat thus reduded by convection to a low level ofsaid boiler.

6. In a heating system, the combination -of (1) a steam boilcr, (2)radiating units and the area of the radiating means for varying surfacesof the radiating units, and (3) means for cooling the feed-water used insaid boiler by cooling the water of condensation and for heating air forrespiration and for varying the degree of temperature of said air byincreasing or decreasing the volume of air used in cooling said water ofcondensation in pro portionate relation to the amount of Water condensedin said system and to the heat conveyed from said water to said air,said last named means comprising provision for controlling the passingof said air through said means for cooling, said provision being locatedin the line of travel of said air after said air is heated by said waterof condensation and for conveying said air to designated places asadjunct means of heating Withthe steam radiating surfaces of saidsystem.

7. In a steam heating system, the combination of (1) a steam boiler, (2)steam radiators and means for heating variable areas of the radiatingsurfaces in each radiator, (3) means for cooling water of condensationfor feed-water pur oses for said boiler, said means for coolingeed-water being arranged for conveying an upwardly traveling current ofair over the cooling surfaces of said means and for progressivelycooling said water as it gravitates from a high level to a low levelthrough said means for cooling feed-water and for passing said airthrough a contracted centrally located orifice of said means, saidorifice above said means for cooling air, and (4) n ie'ans above saidmeans forcooling air for controlling the amount of air passing over saidcooling surfaces and for equably distributingthe'air passing over'saidcooling surfaces to places directly heated by the heat radiated by thesteam radiators 0 said system.

8. In a steam heating system, the combination of (1) a. generator forproducing a radiating means, and (6) means from said boiler, (3) meansfor radiating the and (5) means for returning said erator bein *steam,said generator comprising, separately, means for substantiallyperfecting combustion and means for economizing the heat generatedbyconveying the heating gases produced insaid generator through said heateconomizing means from a high level to a low .level and for conveyingcooled feed- Water through said economizing means from a low le'velto'a-high level to piping for conveying the heat generated in saidgenerator to heat radiating surfaces, (2) said piping and steamradiators and provision for 'controlling the amount of heat radiatedfrom the radiating surfaces of said radiators, (3) means for returningthe water of condensation from said radiators .to a means for coolsaidfeed water (4) said means for cooling feed-water and means for heatingand distributing air for respiration, for.cooling the water ofcondensation therein as feed water-to be used in said generator and foreconomizing heat by its conveyance to air, (5) means for conveying saidwater from said means for cooling water to and into the bottom of saideconomizing means of said generator, and (6) means for preventing thetransmission of heat from .said means for perfecting combustion to saideconomizing means except at a,high level of said economlzin means. i

9. n a steam heating s nation of (1) a steam bo' er, (2) means forradiating -through units for radiation the heat conveyed in the steamgenerated in said boiler, said named means comprising provision forvaryling theareas of the radiating surfaces in eac radiating unit ofsaid means, (3) means for cooling the water of condensation of saidsystem, said means comprising a Water cooling radiator and air heaterfor stem, the combieooling feed-water by heating air for respiratory andadjunct heating purposes, an (4) means forconve ing air heatedmcoolinsaid feed-water to l aces in which it may e respired and use for adjunctheating purposes. 10. In a heating system, the combination of (1) asteam boiler, (2) a steam heat radiat-" ing system, (3) a feed-watercooler and air heater, (4) means for intercepting the water ofcondensation condensed in said radiating system in its return totheboiler and diverting said water of condensation into the said feed watercooler and air heater and for returning said water after its cooling tosaid boiler, and (5) means for conveying and distributing air forrespiration heated in said feed-water cooler and air heater.

' 11. In a steam heating system, the combination of- (1) a steamgenerator, said genconstructed to receive and ,contain cool water ofcondensation from respiration, (5) means for means for securing thetravel of air for for distributing said air eed-water and to transmitlow faces of said radiator, (4) a hot water radi-- ator and means forconveying the heat of said water in said hot water radiatorto air forheating and conveying said Water of condensation from said steam intosaid hot water radiator and for preventing the return of said Water ofcondensation to said generator before water of condensation, turningsaid cooled water of condensation to said generator at a level or placewhere the water in said generator will be of a temperature toeffectively absoib the low degrees of heat'in the heating gases passingthrough said generator. 12. 'In a heating system, the combination of;(1) means for generating heat and transmitting to Water the heatgenerated and for distributing said heat through a system of piping toradiators, (2) radiators for direct eating, containing part of the heatgenerated in said system after said water has passed from saidradiators, said means being located in the line of the return of saidwater to the means for generating heat and between said radiators andsaid means for generating heat, and for receiving and holding said waterand for radiating most of the low de rees of heat still contained insaid water am for conveythe cooling of said and ((5)-means for.re-

ing to air for respiration most of the heat of a low temperature stillinsaid water, (4) its heating over the means for radiating the low degreesof heat of said water, and (5) means and controlling the amount of 'airheated and for conveying to and passing through an orifice the airheated and for securin anequalized distribution of the air 'heate todesignatedplaces for indirect heatin and respiratory purposes, saidcombination eing exemplified in a hot water heating system comprisingmeans located in the line of the travel of the water from the radiatorsof the system to the boiler, for cooling the Water for boiler feedingand for transferring heat to air for direct heating and for respiration.

Si ned atNew York, N. Y., this 4th day of anual'y, 1907.

JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN.

Witnesses GEO. L. WHEELOOK, RAYMoND'LE BL'ANG.

